The evolution of marketing management spans centuries, reflecting changes in technology, consumer behavior, and business practices. From its origins in ancient trade to the digital age of today, marketing management has undergone significant transformations. Early Trade and Barter: The earliest forms of marketing management can be traced back to ancient civilizations where trade and barter were common practices. Merchants used rudimentary marketing techniques such as word-of-mouth communication, market stalls, and product demonstrations to attract customers and facilitate transactions. Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution marked a significant turning point in the history of marketing management. With the rise of mass production and urbanization, businesses began to adopt more systematic approaches to marketing. The focus shifted from individual transactions to mass marketing, with companies leveraging print media, such as newspapers and magazines, to reach wider audience